one [wʌ́n] | two [tú:] | three [θrí:] | four [fɔ́ɚ] |
five [fáiv] | six [síks] | seven [sévən] | eight [éit] |
nine [náin] | ten [tén] |
eleven [ilév(ə)n] | twelve [twélv] | thirteen [θɚ̀:tí:n] |
fourteen [fɔ̀ɚtí:n] | fifteen [fìftí:n] | sixteen [sìkstí:n] |
seventeen [sèvəntí:n] | eighteen [èití:n] | nineteen [nàintí:n] |
twenty [twénti] |
thirty [θɚ́:ti] | forty [fɔ́ɚtì] | fifty [fífti] |
sixty [síkstì] | seventy [sévənti] | eighty [éiti] |
ninety [náintì] | one hundret [wʌ́n hʌ́ndrəd] |
・\(\boldsymbol{21\;\sim\;99}\) | |
「十の位」 \(\boldsymbol{-}\) 「一の位」 のように、間に短い線(ハイフン)を付けて表します。 |
twenty-one ~ ninety-nine |
・\(\boldsymbol{101\;\sim}\) | |
「\(3\) ケタ」 の数の場合、「百の位」 \(\boldsymbol{and}\) 「十の位 \(-\) 一の位」 のように、百の位の後を and でつなぎます。しかし、口語では、and はよく省略されます。 |
one hundred (and) one \(101\) | three hundred (and) eleven \(311\) |
two hundred (and) fifteen \(215\) | three hundred (and) twenty-one \(321\) |
six hundred (and) thirety-eight \(638\) | nine hundred (and) fifty-nine \(959\) |
大きな数の表し方 | |
英語ではカンマ〈\(\;,\;\)〉で区切って \(\boldsymbol{3}\) ケタごと(百の位)に分けて読みます。一方、日本語の場合は \(1,000,000\) のように \(\boldsymbol{4}\) ケタ(千の位)ごとに区切って読みます。 |
\(1\; =\) 一 | \(⇒\) | one |
\(10\; =\) 十 | \(⇒\) | ten |
\(100\; =\) 百 | \(⇒\) | one hundred |
\(1,000\; =\) 千 | \(⇒\) | one thousand |
\(10,000\; =\) 万 | \(⇒\) | ten thousand |
\(100,000\; =\) 十万 | \(⇒\) one hundred thousand |
\(1,000,000\; =\) 百万 | \(⇒\) one million |
\(10,000,000\; =\) 千万 | \(⇒\) ten million |
\(100,000,000\; =\) 一億 | \(⇒\) one hundred million |
\(1,000,000,000\; =\) 十億 | \(⇒\) one billion |
千(の) thousand | 百万(の) million | 十億(の) billion |
\(\star\quad 321,\;456,\;897\) | ||
\(=\) | three hundred (and) twenty-one million\(\boldsymbol{,}\) four hundred (and) fifty-six thousand\(\boldsymbol{,}\) eight hundred (and) ninety-seven. |
\(\star\) 年号の表し方 | |
英語で年号を表す場合、少々複雑なルールがあります。 |
\(1)\) | ふつう、前後 \(2\) ケタずつ読む |
\(1964\) : nineteen sixty-four | \(1839\) : eightteen thirty-nine | \(682\) : six eighty-two |
\(2)\) | 十の位が \(0\)、下 \(2\) ケタが \(0\) の場合の読み方 |
\(1906\) : nineteen oh-six | \(1910\) : nineteen ten | \(1800\) : eightteen hundred |
\(3)\) | \(2000\) 年代の読み方には注意が必要です |
\(2000\) : the year two thousand | \(2006\) : two thousand (and) six | \(2010\) : twenty ten |
\(\star\) 電話番号 | |
… ふつうは左からそのまま \(\boldsymbol{1}\) 字ずつ数字を読みます。 |
\(\boldsymbol{(03)\; 5457\; 6690}\) | |
zero [zirou] (o [ou]) three, five four five seven, six six (double six) nine zero (o) |
序数詞の形 | |
順〈序〉を表す〈数詞〉で序数詞と覚えましょう。序数詞のつくり方は、次のようにします。 |
・序数詞の前にはふつう the をつける |
・first, second, third 以外は |
〈基数詞 + -th〉 の形にする |
\(1\) one | \(⇒\) 1st first [fɚ́:st] |
\(2\) two | \(⇒\) 2nd second [sékənd] |
\(3\) three | \(⇒\) 3rd third [θɚ́:d] |
\(4\) four | \(⇒\) 4th fourth [fɔ́ɚθ] |
\(5\) five | \(⇒\) 5th fifth [fífθ] |
\(ve\) を \(f\) にかえて \(th\) をつける |
\(6\) six | \(⇒\) 6th sixth [síksθ] |
\(7\) seven | \(⇒\) 7th seventh [sévənθ] |
\(8\) eight | \(⇒\) 8th eighth [éiθ] |
\(\boldsymbol{t}\) を重ねない |
\(9\) nine | \(⇒\) 9th ninth [náinθ] |
\(\boldsymbol{e}\) をのぞく |
\(10\) ten | \(⇒\) 10th tenth [ténθ] |
\(11\) eleven | \(⇒\) 11th eleventh [ilév(ə)nθ] |
\(12\) twelve | \(⇒\) 12th twelfth [twélfθ] |
ve を f にかえて th |
13th ~ 19th は、数詞 + teen + th | |
\(⇒\) | thirteenth ~ nineteenth |
\(20\) twenty | \(⇒\) 20th twentieth [twéntìəθ] |
y を i にかえて th |
\(21\) twenty-one | \(⇒\) 21th twenty-first |
\(22\) twenty-two | \(⇒\) 22th twenty-second |
\(23\) twenty-three | \(⇒\) 23th twenty-third |
24th ~ 29th は twenty + -th の形に |
\(30\) ~ \(90\) thirty ~ ninethy | \(⇒\) 30th ~ 90th thirtieth ~ ninetieth |
\(100\) one hundred | \(⇒\) 100th one hundredth |
\(101\) one hundred (and) one | \(⇒\) 101th one hundred and first |
日 付 | |
基数詞、序数詞両方を使った表現があります。 |
July 23 |
〈序 数〉 | \(=\) July (the) twenty-third |
〈基数詞〉 | \(=\) July twenty-three |
〈序 数〉 | \(=\) The twenty-third of July |
October 20, 2009 | |
\(→\) | 2009 年 10 月 20 日 |
\(=\) | September (the) twentieth, two thousand (and) nine. |
\(=\) | September twenty, two thousand (and) nine. |
\(=\) | The twentieth of September, two thousand (and) nine. |
分 数 | |
分子を基数詞、分母を序数詞で表し、〈分子〉\(→\)〈分母〉の順に読みます。 |
〈\(3\) 分の \(1\)〉 |
\(\cfrac{1}{3}=\) one [a] third |
〈\(3\) 分の \(2\)〉 |
\(\cfrac{2}{3}=\) two thirds |
〈\(3\) と \(5\) 分の \(4\)〉 |
\(3\;\cfrac{4}{5}=\) three and four fifths |
〈\(2\) 分の \(1\)〉 |
\(\cfrac{1}{2} =\) one [a] half |
〈\(4\) 分の \(3\)〉 |
\(\cfrac{3}{4} =\) three quarters / three fourths |