特別な関係代名詞
関係代名詞と前置詞
目的格の関係代名詞が、関係代名詞節中の前置詞の目的語になる場合があり、そのときの語順に注意が必要です。先行詞 \(\boldsymbol{+}\) 関係代名詞\(\boldsymbol{\;\sim}\) 前置詞 の語順
| \(\small{①}\) | 妹が話しかけた女性は英語の先生でした |
| \(The\;woman\) was our English teacher. |
| \(\boldsymbol{+}\) |
| My sister spoke to \(the\;woman\). |
 |
| The woman \(\boldsymbol{who\;/\;whom}\) my sister spoke \(\boldsymbol{\color{blue}{to}}\) was our English teacher. | |
| \(=\) | The woman my sister spoke \(\boldsymbol{\color{blue}{to}}\) was our English teacher. |
| \(\small{②}\) | ケーキを切るナイフを持って来てください |
| Please bring me \(a\;knife\). |
| \(\boldsymbol{+}\) |
| I cut this cake with \(the\;knife\). |
|
| Please bring me a knife \(\boldsymbol{which/that}\) I cut this cake \(\boldsymbol{\color{blue}{with}}\). | |
| \(=\) | Please bring me a knife I cut this cake \(\boldsymbol{\color{blue}{with}}\). |
先行詞 \(\boldsymbol{+}\) 前置詞 \(\boldsymbol{+}\) 関係代名詞 \(\boldsymbol{\;\sim}\) の語順
\(\small{①}\) の例文：| \(=\) | The woman \(\boldsymbol{\color{blue}{to}}\;whom\) my sister spoke was our English teacher. |
| \(\times\) | The woman \(\color{crimson}{to}\) my sister spoke was a good teacher. |
| \(\times\) | The woman \(\color{crimson}{to\;who}\) my sister spoke was a good teacher. |
| \(=\) | Please bring me a knife \(\boldsymbol{\color{blue}{with}}\;which\) I cut this cake. |
| \(\times\) | Please bring me a knife \(\color{crimson}{with\;that}\) I cut this cake. |
| \(\times\) | Please bring me a knife \(\color{crimson}{with}\) I cut this cake. |
| \(\boldsymbol{a)}\) | 群動詞の結びつきが強い場合 |
| What is the song (which / that) you are \(\boldsymbol{\color{crimson}{listening\;to}}\) ? |
| あなたが聞いている曲は何ですか。 |
| Some people like the animals (which / that) we \(\boldsymbol{\color{crimson}{are\;afraid\;of}}\). |
| 私たちが怖がる動物を好きな人もいる。 |
| \(\boldsymbol{b)}\) | 関係代名詞が \(\boldsymbol{that}\) の場合 |
| The bank \(that\) my father works \(\boldsymbol{\color{blue}{in}}\) is very old. | |
| 父が働いている銀行はとても古い。 | |
| \(\times\) | The bank \(in\;that\) my father works is very old.? |
| ○ | The bank \(\boldsymbol{\color{crimson}{in\;which}}\) my father works is very old. |
| \(\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{c)}}\) | 関係代名詞が \(\boldsymbol{who}\) の場合 |
| Was there anyone \(who\) you could talk \(\boldsymbol{\color{blue}{to}}\) then ? | |
| あなたが、そのとき話を出来た人はだれかいましたか。 | |
| \(\times\) | Was there anyone \(to\;who\) you could talk then ? |
| ○ | Was there anyone \(\boldsymbol{\color{crimson}{to\;whom}}\) you could talk then ? |
| 先行詞 \(+\) 関係代名詞の省略 \(\sim\;+\) 前置詞 |
| 先行詞 \(+\) who/whom/which/that \(\sim\;+\) 前置詞 |
| 先行詞 \(+\) 前置詞 \(+\) [whom/which] \(\sim\) |
関係代名詞 \(\boldsymbol{what}\)
\(what\) は先行詞を含む関係代名詞で、漠然と「～する（である）もの「事」」という意味を表します。 また、\(what\) が導く関係代名詞節は名詞節で、文中では主語・補語・目的語のはたらきをします。 〈関係詞節 \(\boldsymbol{=}\) 目的語〉| I gave \(\boldsymbol{what}\) my brother wanted. | |
| \(=\) | I gave the thing that [which] my brother wanted. |
| 私は弟が欲しがっているものをあげた。 |
| \(\boldsymbol{What}\) I need now is water. | |
| \(=\) | The thing that [which] I need now is water. |
| 私が今必要なものは水です。 |
| A good sleep is \(\boldsymbol{what}\) he needs most. | |
| \(=\) | A good sleep is the thing that [which] he needs most. |
| 十分眠ることが〈彼には一番必要〉です | |
| \(←\) 十分な睡眠が〈彼には一番必要なこと〉 |
| Write a story \(\boldsymbol{about\;what}\) you have experienced. | |
| \(=\) | Write a story about the things that [which] you have experienced. |
| あなたが今までに経験したことについての話を書きなさい。 |
| 先行詞を含む \(=\) the thing that [which] |
| 形容詞節ではなく名詞節を導く |
\(\boldsymbol{what}\) を含む重要表現
| what A is | ―― 「現在の \(\boldsymbol{A}\)」 |
| what A was | ―― 「過去の \(\boldsymbol{A}\)」 |
| Mr. Yamada made me \(what\;I\;am\). |
| 山田先生が現在の私にしてくれた。 |
| He is no longer \(what\;he\;was\). |
| 彼はもはや昔の彼ではない。 |
| what you [we / they] call | \(=\) what is called | ―― 「いわゆる」 |
| This is \(what\;you\;call\) a present for them. | |
| \(=\) | This is \(what\;is\;called\) a present for them. |
| これは彼らにとっていわゆる贈り物である。 | |
| Yoshio is \(what\;we\;call\) a bookworm. | |
| \(=\) | Yoshio is \(what\;is\;called\) a bookworm. |
| ヨシオはいわゆる本の虫だ。 |
| what is [was] \(\boldsymbol{+}\) 比較級 | ―― 「さらに～なことには」 |
| They lost their way in the forest, and \(what\;was\;worse\), it began to rain. |
| 彼らは森の中で道に迷ったが、さらに悪い事には雨が降り出した。 |