関係詞の \(\boldsymbol{2}\) つの用法
関係代名詞や関係副詞は、それぞれ関係詞節を導いて前の先行詞を修飾ので形容詞のはたらきをします。形容詞で学習したように、 このようなはたらきを限定(制限)用法というのでした。これまで学習してきた関係詞のはたらきは、すべてこの限定用法になります。関係詞には、もう一つ継続(非制限)用法というはたらきがあります。次の \(2\) つの文を見てください。\(a)\) | Jane has a son \(who\) has become a teacher. |
ジェーンには教師を続ける息子が \(1\) 人います。 | |
\(b)\) | Jane has a son\(,\;who\) has become a teacher. |
ジェーンには息子が \(1\) 人いて、その息子は教師を続けている。 | |
\(=\) | Jane has a son and he has become a teacher. |
限定(制限)用法: | 節が先行詞を直接修飾して意味を限定 |
継続(非制限)用法: | \(\boldsymbol{[\;,\;]}\) 以下の節は主節を説明するだけ |
[, who \(=\) and S ...] |
I passed the salt to Mary \(,\;who\) passed it to Mike. |
私はメアリーに塩を回して、メアリーはその塩をマイクに回した |
[, when \(=\) because then ...] |
Please come to my office at eleven \(,\;when\) I will be there. |
\(11\) 時に事務所へおいでになれば、おりますので。 |
\(←\) 〈なぜなら〉その時にはいる〈ので〉 |
継続用法で用いられる関係詞
継続用法には次の関係詞しか用いません。また、継続用法では目的格であっても省略できませんから注意します。関係代名詞 | who, whose, whom, which |
関 係 副 詞 | where, when |
接続詞 [and, but, because, though ... ] | \(\;+\) 代名詞\(\;\sim\) |
I met a teacher in my school \(\boldsymbol{,\;who}\) was going to the museum. | |
私は学校の先生に会ったが、先生は博物館へ行くところだった。 | |
\(→\) | and he was going to the museum |
I stayed at the house of my uncle the other day\(\boldsymbol{,\;whose}\) wife is an American. | |
先日私はおじの家に泊ったが、そのおじの奥さんはアメリカ人です。 | |
\(→\) | and his wife is an American |
Mary was given a doll by her father \(\boldsymbol{,\;which}\) she liked very much. | |
メアリーはお父さんから人形をもらうと、それ〈が〉とても気に入った。 | |
\(→\) | and she liked it very much |
Takeshi has a nice pen\(\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{,\;with\;which}}\) he has never written a letter. | |
\(=\) | Takeshi has a nice pen\(\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{,\;which}}\) he has never written a letter \(\boldsymbol{with}\). |
タケシはすてきなペンを持っているが、それを使って手紙を書いたことがない。 | |
\(→\) | but he has never written a letter with it |
I saw the woman again \(\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{,\;to\;whom}}\) my mother was talking yesterday. | |
\(=\) | I saw the woman again\(\boldsymbol{\boldsymbol{,\;who}}\) my mother was talking \(\boldsymbol{to}\) yesterday. |
私はその女性にまた会ったが、母が昨日その人と話をしていた。 | |
\(→\) | and my mother was talking to her yesterday |
Jane wants to go to Japan\(\boldsymbol{,\;where}\) her aunt lives. | |
\(=\) | Jane wants to go to Japan\(\boldsymbol{,\;in\;which}\) her aunt lives. |
ジェーンが日本に行きたがっているのは、日本におばさんが住んでいるからです。 | |
\(→\) | because her aunt lives there |
My daughter was born in 2001\(\boldsymbol{,\;when}\) the 21th century started. | |
\(=\) | My daughter was born in 2001\(\boldsymbol{,\;in\;which}\) the 21th century started. |
娘は2001年に生まれたが、その年に \(21\) 世紀が始まった。 | |
\(→\) | and then the 21th century started |
演 習 |
・ | 関係詞の用法に注意して、各組の文を日本語に直しなさい。 |
\(1.\) | ||
\(a)\) | I have two children who lives in Tokyo. | |
\(b)\) | I have two children, who lives in Tokyo. | |
\(2.\) | ||
\(a)\) | He was born in 1998 when I became a teacher. | |
\(b)\) | He was born in 1998, when I was in Aurstralia. | |
\(3.\) | ||
\(a)\) | We'll visit the place the Black Ships arrived. | |
\(b)\) | We'll visit Uraga, where the Black Ships arrived in 1853. | |
\(4.\) | ||
\(a)\) | My father gave me a watch which was made in Japan. | |
\(b)\) | My father gave me a watch made in Japan, which I've never worn. | |
\(5.\) | ||
\(a)\) | I met the man who took me to the hospital yesterday. | |
\(b)\) | I met the man, who took me to the hospital yesterday. |